Iranian strikes on military bases used by the US in the Middle East caused about $800 million (£600 million) in damage in the first two weeks of the war, a new analysis shows.
Much of the damage was caused in initial retaliatory strikes by Iran in the week after the US and Israel launched the war, according to a report by the Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS) and an analysis by the BBC.
The full extent of the damage caused by Iranian strikes on US assets in the region is not clear. However, the $800 million in estimated damages to US military infrastructure, a figure that's higher than has been previously reported, offers a picture of the steep costs to the US as the conflict drags on.
The damage to US bases in the region has been underreported, said Mark Cancian, a CSIS senior adviser and co-author of the think tank study. Although that appears to be extensive, the full amount won't be known until more information is available.
In response to a request for comment, the US Department of Defense referred the BBC to US Central Command, which is leading the war. Officials there declined to comment.
Iran's retaliatory strikes targeted US air-defence and satellite-communication systems, among other assets, in Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries across the Middle East.
A significant portion of damage was caused by a strike on a US radar for a Thaad missile defence system at an air base in Jordan. The AN/TPY-2 radar system costs approximately $485 million according to a CSIS review of defence department budget documents. The air-defence systems are used for the long-range interception of ballistic missiles.
Strikes by Iran caused an additional $310 million in estimated damages to buildings, facilities, and other infrastructure on US bases and military bases used by American forces in the region.
Iran also has struck at least three air bases more than once, according to an analysis of satellite imagery by BBC Verify. The repeat strikes underscore Iran's efforts to target specific US assets. Russia has reportedly shared intelligence with Tehran on American military forces in the region.
Satellite imagery shows the three air bases - Ali Al-Salim base in Kuwait, Al-Udeid in Qatar, and Prince Sultan in Saudi Arabia - with fresh damage appearing during different phases of the conflict.
The US has also lost 13 military service members since President Donald Trump joined Israel in launching the attacks on Iran on February 28.
The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (Hrana) estimates the overall death toll has reached nearly 3,200, including 1,400 civilians.
Trump has said the US is on track to achieve his goals of destroying Iran's nuclear program, degrading its conventional military power, and ending the regime's support for proxy groups in the region.
But the war has rattled the global economy with the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz, and uncertainty over the duration of the conflict and whether Trump will deploy ground troops.
Analysis of satellite imagery has been hampered by restrictions imposed by major US-based providers on the release of the imagery.
Yet it is possible to discern certain patterns in Iran's retaliatory action against US military interests in the region. Radar and satellite systems have been a focus from the start, when Iranian strikes hit a US naval base in Bahrain. These function as the eyes and ears of modern military operations, and reports have indicated significant damage to Thaad systems in the UAE and Jordan. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth stated earlier that the Pentagon is requesting an additional $200 billion to fund the war efforts, indicating the immense financial stakes of the ongoing conflict.
