The Rising Challenge of Sanctions-Busting Shadow Ships
On January 26, crew members aboard the tanker Beeta, off the coast of Singapore, sent an urgent email regarding their dire situation – suppliers ran low, crew members were unpaid, and most alarming, the vessel was known to be sanctioned and blacklisted. This was just the tip of the iceberg as an alarming number of shadow ships operate outside maritime rules, transporting oil from sanctions-imposed countries.
According to TankerTrackers.com, the shadow fleet has swelled to 1,468 vessels, significantly increased due to the war in Ukraine and ongoing geopolitical conflicts. This represents about 18% of the total tanker fleet, carrying similar proportions of seaborne crude. This term 'shadow fleet' refers to vessels that often switch identities, flags, and other operational details, making them difficult to trace, thus enabling them to navigate around sanctions.
Vessels in this shadow fleet are typically old, poorly maintained, and may employ deceptive practices such as turning off their Automatic Identification System (AIS). Reports suggest practices akin to modern-day slavery aboard these ships, with crews working under punishing conditions without regular pay.
As the situation grows more dire, various international bodies grapple with how to address the issue. Some solutions suggested include military interventions akin to the actions taken against sanctioned vessels, such as the recent interception of the Marinera by the U.S. Navy for transporting oil from sanctioned states.
Countries like France and the UK are also stepping up their responses. France recently launched an operation demonstrating their commitment to act against shadow vessels, while the UK's Defence Secretary noted a priority to pressure the shadow fleet.
However, the complexity of international maritime laws, potential diplomatic repercussions, and logistical challenges surrounding the seizure of large vessels contribute to a convoluted solution pathway.
Ultimately, as long as sanctions-fueled incidents persist, the shadow fleet will likely continue to expand, operating in the murky waters of international trade. The international community must develop robust frameworks and interventions to tackle the clandestine operations of these vessels and safeguard maritime integrity.
