When clocks struck nine across Tehran on Tuesday, the night skies filled with sound in celebration of the 47th year of the Iranian revolution. Chants of God is greatest rose from rooftops and roared from windows, while fireworks flared in a kaleidoscope of brilliant colors. However, amidst this annual explosion of light and sound, a discordant note was present as anti-regime slogans like death to the dictator emerged from the shadows of the bustling city, evoking memories of protests that recently swept across Iran. These protests, met with unprecedented force, resulted in a tragic loss of life not seen in prior uprisings.

This marks our first visit to Iran since the extensive protests and subsequent digital blackout, one of the longest in history, as authorities gradually lift restrictions and allow international media back into the country. The atmosphere in Tehran contrasts sharply with our last visit in June, following military conflicts with Israel that further unsettled its populace.

Celebrating the known ten days of dawn, the city is adorned with flags and festive decorations. However, this year’s celebrations are overshadowed by widespread dissatisfaction over the surging prices and demands for an end to clerical rule. President Masoud Pezeshkian addressed a rally in Azadi (Freedom) Square as he condemned external influences for fuelling the discontent while acknowledging the economic challenges contributing to the unrest among the citizenry.

Moreover, many Iranians voiced their frustrations, sharing personal stories riddled with hardship and lamenting the growing economic burdens exacerbated by sanctions, greed, and mismanagement. As the Islamic Republic confronts one of its largest domestic challenges in decades, the future of the nation remains uncertain, highlighting the urgent need for dialogue and meaningful reform. Despite the fervent celebrations, the resilience of the people and their aspirations for a different future are palpable in Tehran's vibrant streets.