After outfoxing Egypt on the diplomatic stage for over a decade, Ethiopia is poised to officially inaugurate the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), one of the world's largest dams, located on a tributary of the Nile. This ambitious project not only challenges a colonial-era treaty favoring Egypt but also ignites Ethiopian nationalism, uniting a country often divided along ethnic lines.
Constructed at the cost of approximately $5 billion, the dam's reservoir is roughly equivalent to the size of Greater London. Moses Chrispus Okello, an analyst with South Africa's Institute for Security Studies, notes that the project is perceived by many Ethiopians as a monumental achievement, reflecting national pride and a unified vision for the future. As funding primarily came from Ethiopian citizens and the diaspora, the sense of communal ownership is profound.
The GERD, which is also Africa's largest hydroelectric plant, is expected to meet the energy needs of Ethiopia's 135 million citizens while giving the nation a new role in the regional power dynamics. Ethiopia has plans to export electricity to neighboring countries, enhancing its foreign currency revenue and potentially establishing a greater energy market.
Conversely, Egypt views the dam as a significant threat, fearing that it could drastically reduce the water flow essential for its survival. With around 93% of Egypt's land being desert, the Nile represents life itself for its 107 million inhabitants. Egyptian geologist Prof. Abbas Sharaky warns that the GERD holds back 64 billion cubic meters of water, which could worsen Egypt's ongoing water crisis.
Despite Egypt's heightened rhetoric and concerns over the dam's implications, analysts suggest diplomatic solutions are on the table. Although tensions persist, both nations have expressed a willingness to engage in further discussions regarding water security and the dam's operational impact.
In the face of these challenges, Ethiopia is not only unveiling a significant infrastructure project but also asserting a new identity and aspirations on the regional stage, including hints towards regaining access to the Red Sea, a strategic ambition post-Eritrea's independence.
