Assessing the Proportionality of Israel's Military Actions in Gaza

Israel's military operation in Gaza has reportedly resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands and the destruction of critical infrastructure, raising significant humanitarian concerns. Initiated as a response to the October 7, 2023 attacks by Hamas, which killed around 1,200 individuals and took hostages, the campaign has since faced accusations from global human rights organizations of causing disproportionate civilian casualties.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu argues that the military offensive is a rightful act of self-defense and a necessary response to terrorist threats. Yet, the principle of proportionality in international law suggests that military actions must not lead to excessive civilian harm in relation to the military advantage gained.

Experts consulted by BBC Verify have overwhelmingly indicated that Israel's actions appear disproportionate. Critically, they note that the extensive civilian casualties and destruction challenge the justification of continuing military operations against Hamas.

For instance, the International Committee of the Red Cross emphasizes that military response should be proportionate to the threat posed. Many international law scholars express doubts about the legality of Israel's military conduct, marking significant casualties among civilians in what they assert has become a campaign of collective punishment.

The broader implications of Israel’s military strategy also complicate the situation: accusations of using food as a weapon due to blockades and siege tactics that restrict access to humanitarian aid raise critical ethical and legal questions under international law.

Recent figures depict a grim humanitarian crisis: reports of 64,500 deaths, with many civilians among them, challenge claims of targeting only militant threats. Humanitarian organizations cite a severe famine spreading across Gaza due to blockades cutting off vital supplies, exacerbating the humanitarian catastrophe.

As conflict continues and legal scrutiny increases, considerable doubts arise about the legitimacy of Israel's military objectives, further complicating aspirations for peace and resolution in the region. Observers reflect on whether international law is being upheld in practice, a concern that resonates deeply within the context of the ongoing humanitarian crisis.